This is a very good question because up until recently the answer was no, but now with new techniques that answer has changed to, it depends. Historically, hair transplants for women has not been a reality because the way they tend to lose hair in a balding condition is different than how men lose it. When a man suffers from Androgenic Alopecia, also called male pattern baldness or female pattern hair loss, he will see thinning and balding hair at either the crown of his head or at the hair line. This second condition is known as a receding hair line.
Men will never have much hair loss at the back of the scalp which means there are ample hair follicles there to transplant into the balding area. A hair graft surgeon can remove the hair from this posterior area and place them into the bald portion of the scalp where they will then take root and continue to grow for years to come. This procedure has been perfected to the point that a special medical instrument can be used to remove the growing hair and place it into the scalp all in one procedure. This keeps the cost of hair transplants for men down to a manageable level.
Women do not lose their hair in a set pattern like a man does though. The female hair loss will generally be marked by thinness over the entire scalp. This of course does not leave an area of thick hair growth in order to use as a donation site and thus women have not had the benefit of this procedure. This has now changed with a new technique known as follicular unit extraction. By using this method the surgeon can now transplant hairs from anywhere on the body to the scalp. These hairs are of different texture than the natural hair but they work very well as fillers for the thinning condition.
With this technique in mind, women can now fill in their hair and these transplanted hairs will grow for years to come.